In the second winter, only a few change into the winter coat and winter colour is less pronounced. More than 10% of the hamsters kept in the first winter develop the summer coat. They sometimes have a grey tint on their heads. Some of these colorations are mandarin, blue, argente, yellow blue fawn, camel, brown, cream, merle, and umbrous. Other colorations are available, but these are strongly suspected to appear only in hybrid crossings with Campbell's dwarf hamsters. Īpart from the typical colouration, winter white dwarf hamsters can also be coloured pearl, sapphire, sapphire pearl, and marbled. It is distinguished from the darker fur on the top of the existing black-brown hair, three curved line. The bright coat the bottom extends to the shoulders, flanks, and hips in three arches upward. The hairs on the underside are completely white. The ears are grey with a pinkish tint with scattered black hairs. The throat, belly, tail and limbs are white. From the head to the tail runs a black-brown dorsal stripe. The rest of the head is dark brown or black. The outer ears and the eyes have black edges. The face changes to grey or brown, while the mouth area, the whisker area, and the ears are slightly brighter. In summer, the fur of the winter white hamster on the back changes from ash-grey to dark brown, or sometimes pale brown with a tint. In the wild, they are known to live as little as one year. The average lifespan of the winter white dwarf hamster is one to three years in captivity, though they can live longer. In human care, they are slightly heavier. In males, the body weight ranges from 19 to 45 grams (0.67 to 1.59 oz), and in females, 19 to 36 grams (0.67 to 1.27 oz). The body weight changes dramatically throughout the year. The head length of the winter white dwarf hamster is 70–90 mm, the length of the tail is 5–15 mm, and the hind legs are 11–15 mm. The coat of the winter white dwarf hamster is less woolly than that of Campbell's dwarf hamster, and apart from the normal colouring, they can be coloured sapphire, sapphire pearl, or normal pearl. Today winter white dwarf hamsters and Campbell's dwarf hamsters are considered separate species with the winter white officially known as Phodopus sungorus. Argiropulo, in 1933, changed the name to priority sungorus and determined the hamster as a subspecies of Campbell's dwarf hamster called Phodopus sungorus sungorus. In 1912 Ned Hollister ordered the "Mouse songarus" to the genus Phodopus. In 1778, Pallas renamed the hamster to Mouse songarus. The name sungorus derives from the geographic region Dzungaria. The hamster was first described by Peter Simon Pallas in 1773 as a mouse. The binomial name for the hamster is Phodopus sungorus. Campbell's dwarf hamsters do not change fur colour during the winter and can only be described as being "winter white" erroneously. The term "winter white" derives from the fact that in the wild the hamster changes its fur colour to white for the winter months, this camouflages the hamster and reduces predation when snow is on the ground. Confusion arises because of their physical similarity to Campbell's dwarf hamster, consequently, the name Djungarian hamster and Russian dwarf can refer to both winter white and Campbell's dwarf hamsters. The hamster has no fully accepted common name, winter white dwarf hamster and Russian dwarf hamster are among the most often used. The winter white is known to be one of the most tameable types of hamsters. Young pups act aggressively to one another, while breeding females may show similar aggression to males. They reproduce often-more so than Syrian hamsters, and as they have no fixed breeding season, can continue to produce some numbers of offspring all year round. Winter white dwarf hamsters are common as pets in Europe and North America, and exhibit greater variance in their coats than those found in the wild. In the wild, they originate from the wheat fields of Kazakhstan, the meadows of Mongolia and Siberia, and the birch stands of Manchuria. In captivity, this does not usually happen as animals maintained as pets are generally housed indoors and exposed to artificial light that prevents the recognition of short winter daylengths. As winter approaches and the days shorten, the winter white dwarf hamster's dark fur is almost entirely replaced with white fur. Features of the winter white hamster include a typically thick, dark grey dorsal stripe and furry feet. It is ball-shaped and typically half the size of the Syrian hamster, so is called a dwarf hamster along with all Phodopus species. The winter white dwarf hamster ( Phodopus sungorus), also known as the Russian dwarf hamster, Djungarian hamster, striped dwarf hamster, Siberian hamster, or Siberian dwarf hamster, is one of three species of hamster in the genus Phodopus.
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